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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean
CLKs' awareness and ability to make use of relational affordances as well as learner-internal elements, were important. For instance, RIs from TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as a significant reason for them to choose to avoid criticising an uncompromising professor (see the example 2).
This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on core practical issues, including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The discourse completion test is a common tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has many strengths, but it also has its disadvantages. The DCT for instance, does not take into account individual and cultural variations. Furthermore it is also the case that the DCT can be biased and may result in overgeneralizations. This is why it should be analyzed carefully before it is used for 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 무료 슬롯 (Go At this site) research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps can be a plus. This characteristic can be utilized to study the effect of prosody across cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to study many issues, such as the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the choices made in lexical use. It can be used to evaluate the phonological difficulty of learners their speech.
A recent study utilized the DCT to evaluate EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were presented with various scenarios and required to choose a suitable response from the options offered. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like videos or questionnaires. Researchers cautioned, however, that the DCT should be used with caution. They also suggested using other data collection methods.
DCTs are often designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like the content and the form. These criteria are based on intuition and is based on the assumptions made by the test developers. They aren't always precise, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually refuse requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods to assess the ability to refuse.
In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared with the responses from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs preferred more direct and traditionally indirect requests and utilized hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices in their use of Korean using a variety of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal performance in RIs. The results showed that CLKs are more likely to reject native Korean pragmatism norms. Their choices were influenced primarily by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their current lives as well as their relationships. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data were analyzed to determine the participants' rational choices. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were matched with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine if they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Interviewees were also required to explain why they chose an atypical behavior in certain situations.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was found that the CLKs frequently used euphemistic responses such as "sorry" and "thank you." This was likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language which led to an insufficient understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. For example, in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs favored to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis in the space of two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, then coded by two coders who were independent. The code was re-coded repeatedly, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The coding results were then evaluated against the original RI transcripts, 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 플레이 (Thejillist.Com) which gave an indication of how well the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners choose to resist native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research attempted to answer this question with several experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not follow the patterns of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did so even though they could create native-like patterns. In addition, they were aware of their pragmatism. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal factors like their identities and personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, like relationship advantages. They also discussed, for instance, how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform better in terms of the cultural and linguistic expectations of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and consequences that they might be subjected to if they strayed from their local social norms. They were concerned that their native interlocutors might view them as "foreigners" and think they were ignorant. This concern was similar in nature to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are no longer the preferred choice of Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reassess the applicability of these tests in different cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will enable them to better comprehend how different environments may impact the pragmatic behavior of L2 learners in the classroom and beyond. This will also assist educators to create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is a research method that focuses on deep, participatory investigations to investigate a specific topic. It is a method that makes use of numerous sources of data to help support the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This kind of investigation can be used to analyze specific or complicated issues that are difficult to other methods of measuring.
The first step in the case study is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are crucial to study and which could be left out. It is also beneficial to review the existing research to gain a broad understanding of the subject and place the situation in a wider theoretical context.
This study was based on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that the L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from a precise pragmatic inference. They also had an inclination to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, which further hampered the quality of their responses.
Furthermore, the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at the end of their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 in their next attempt. They were asked to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as comprehension and pragmatic awareness.
Interviewees were presented with two scenarios which involved interactions with their counterparts and asked to select one of the strategies below to use when making demands. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personality. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to approach and was hesitant to inquire about the health of her co-worker when they had a lot of work, even though she thought native Koreans would.
CLKs' awareness and ability to make use of relational affordances as well as learner-internal elements, were important. For instance, RIs from TS and ZL both cited their local professor relationships as a significant reason for them to choose to avoid criticising an uncompromising professor (see the example 2).
This article examines all local pragmatic research on Korean published until 2020. It focuses on core practical issues, including:
Discourse Construction Tests (DCTs)
The discourse completion test is a common tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has many strengths, but it also has its disadvantages. The DCT for instance, does not take into account individual and cultural variations. Furthermore it is also the case that the DCT can be biased and may result in overgeneralizations. This is why it should be analyzed carefully before it is used for 프라그마틱 슬롯 추천 무료 슬롯 (Go At this site) research or assessment purposes.
Despite its limitations, the DCT can be a valuable tool for investigating the relationship between prosody and information structure in non-native speakers. The ability to alter social variables that affect politeness in two or more steps can be a plus. This characteristic can be utilized to study the effect of prosody across cultural contexts.
In the field of linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools for analyzing communication behaviors of learners. It can be used to study many issues, such as the manner of speaking, turn-taking and the choices made in lexical use. It can be used to evaluate the phonological difficulty of learners their speech.
A recent study utilized the DCT to evaluate EFL students' ability to resist. Participants were presented with various scenarios and required to choose a suitable response from the options offered. The researchers discovered that the DCT to be more efficient than other methods of refusal like videos or questionnaires. Researchers cautioned, however, that the DCT should be used with caution. They also suggested using other data collection methods.
DCTs are often designed with specific linguistic criteria in mind, like the content and the form. These criteria are based on intuition and is based on the assumptions made by the test developers. They aren't always precise, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually refuse requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for more research into different methods to assess the ability to refuse.
In a recent study, DCT responses to student requests via email were compared with the responses from an oral DCT. The results showed that DCTs preferred more direct and traditionally indirect requests and utilized hints less than email data.
Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs)
This study investigated Chinese learners' pragmatic choices in their use of Korean using a variety of experimental tools, such as Discourse Completion Tasks (DCTs) Metapragmatic Questionnaires, Refusal Interviews (RIs). Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to MQs and DCTs. They were also asked to consider their evaluations and refusal performance in RIs. The results showed that CLKs are more likely to reject native Korean pragmatism norms. Their choices were influenced primarily by four factors such as their personality and multilingual identities, their current lives as well as their relationships. These findings have pedagogical implications for L2 Korean assessment.
The MQ data were analyzed to determine the participants' rational choices. The data was classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, the responses were matched with their linguistic performance in DCTs to determine if they showed a pattern of resistance to pragmatics or not. Interviewees were also required to explain why they chose an atypical behavior in certain situations.
The results of the MQs, DCTs and z-tests were analysed using descriptive statistics and Z tests. It was found that the CLKs frequently used euphemistic responses such as "sorry" and "thank you." This was likely due to their lack of familiarity with the target language which led to an insufficient understanding of korea pragmatic norms. The results showed that the CLKs' preferences for either converging to L1 or dissociating from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. For example, in Situation 3 and 12 the CLKs favored to diverge from both L1 and pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14 they favored a convergence to L1 norms.
The RIs also revealed that the CLKs were aware their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-to-one basis in the space of two days of participants completing the MQs. The RIs were recorded and transcribed, then coded by two coders who were independent. The code was re-coded repeatedly, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The coding results were then evaluated against the original RI transcripts, 프라그마틱 무료 슬롯 플레이 (Thejillist.Com) which gave an indication of how well the RIs were able to capture the fundamental behavior.
Refusal Interviews (RIs)
One of the most important questions in pragmatic research is the reason why learners choose to resist native-speaker pragmatic norms. Recent research attempted to answer this question with several experimental tools, including DCTs MQs and RIs. The participants comprised 46 CLKs, 44 CNSs, and 45 KNSs from five Korean universities. They were required to complete the DCTs in their native language and to complete the MQs in either their L1 or L2. They were then invited to an RI where they were required to reflect on and discuss their responses to each DCT scenario.
The results showed that CLKs on average, did not follow the patterns of native speakers in more than 40% of their responses. They did so even though they could create native-like patterns. In addition, they were aware of their pragmatism. They attributed their resistance to learner-internal factors like their identities and personalities as well as multilingual identities. They also mentioned external factors, like relationship advantages. They also discussed, for instance, how their relationships with their professors allowed them to perform better in terms of the cultural and linguistic expectations of their university.
However, the interviewees expressed concern about the social pressures and consequences that they might be subjected to if they strayed from their local social norms. They were concerned that their native interlocutors might view them as "foreigners" and think they were ignorant. This concern was similar in nature to that expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009).
These results suggest that native-speaker practical norms are no longer the preferred choice of Korean learners. They could still be useful for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should reassess the applicability of these tests in different cultural contexts and in specific situations. This will enable them to better comprehend how different environments may impact the pragmatic behavior of L2 learners in the classroom and beyond. This will also assist educators to create better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting.
Case Studies
The case study method is a research method that focuses on deep, participatory investigations to investigate a specific topic. It is a method that makes use of numerous sources of data to help support the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This kind of investigation can be used to analyze specific or complicated issues that are difficult to other methods of measuring.
The first step in the case study is to clearly define the subject and the objectives of the study. This will help determine what aspects of the subject matter are crucial to study and which could be left out. It is also beneficial to review the existing research to gain a broad understanding of the subject and place the situation in a wider theoretical context.
This study was based on an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], and its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of the test revealed that the L2 Korean students were extremely vulnerable to native models. They were more likely to pick incorrect answer choices that were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from a precise pragmatic inference. They also had an inclination to add their own text or "garbage," to their responses, which further hampered the quality of their responses.
Furthermore, the participants of this study were L2 Korean learners who had reached level 4 in the Test of Proficiency in Korean (TOPIK) at the end of their second or third year at university and were hoping to achieve level 6 in their next attempt. They were asked to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as comprehension and pragmatic awareness.
Interviewees were presented with two scenarios which involved interactions with their counterparts and asked to select one of the strategies below to use when making demands. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. Most participants attributed their pragmatic opposition to their personality. TS for instance, claimed that she was difficult to approach and was hesitant to inquire about the health of her co-worker when they had a lot of work, even though she thought native Koreans would.
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